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Research articles & protocol guides.

Evidence-based deep dives on peptides, supplements, lab testing, and longevity protocols. Written for researchers, not marketers.

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Articles
Ipamorelin: The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
11 min read

Ipamorelin: The Complete Research Guide

Ipamorelin is a selective GH secretagogue with a cleaner hormonal profile than earlier GHRP compounds — but human trial data is far more limited than its clinical popularity suggests.

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Carnosine: The Dipeptide Research Guide — pH Buffering, Anti-Glycation, and Cognitive Evidence
performance
9 min readMay 29, 2026

Carnosine: The Dipeptide Research Guide — pH Buffering, Anti-Glycation, and Cognitive Evidence

Carnosine is a naturally occurring dipeptide with roles in muscle pH buffering, anti-glycation, and antioxidant chemistry. Here is what the human trials actually show.

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Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): The NAD+ Precursor With the Most Human Trial Data
Longevity
8 min readMay 26, 2026

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR): The NAD+ Precursor With the Most Human Trial Data

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) has more human clinical trial data than any other NAD+ precursor. Here is what those trials actually show — and where the evidence falls short.

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DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone): The Adrenal Steroid Precursor Research Guide
hormonal
9 min readMay 25, 2026

DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone): The Adrenal Steroid Precursor Research Guide

DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in the body, declining sharply with age. This guide examines what randomized controlled trials actually show — from bone density and mood to body composition and adrenal insufficiency.

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Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG): The TCA Cycle Metabolite With Emerging Longevity Research
Longevity
9 min readMay 24, 2026

Alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG): The TCA Cycle Metabolite With Emerging Longevity Research

Alpha-ketoglutarate is an endogenous metabolite that declines with age and has extended lifespan in mice. Here is what the research actually shows.

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L-Citrulline: The Nitric Oxide Precursor Research Guide
performance
9 min readMay 23, 2026

L-Citrulline: The Nitric Oxide Precursor Research Guide

L-Citrulline raises plasma arginine more effectively than arginine itself. Here's what the human trial record shows on performance, blood pressure, and NO pathway activity.

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Bacopa Monnieri: The Nootropic Herb With the Strongest Human Memory Trial Record
cognitive
9 min readMay 22, 2026

Bacopa Monnieri: The Nootropic Herb With the Strongest Human Memory Trial Record

A research-first review of Bacopa monnieri: what multiple RCTs actually show about delayed recall, anxiety, and the 8–12 week timeline before effects emerge.

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Humanin: The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 20, 2026

Humanin: The Mitochondria-Derived Peptide Research Guide

Humanin is a 21-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, discovered for its neuroprotective properties. This guide reviews what the research actually shows about its mechanisms, aging associations, and metabolic effects.

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GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin): The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 19, 2026

GHRP-2 (Pralmorelin): The Growth Hormone Secretagogue Research Guide

A research-first guide to GHRP-2 (pralmorelin): mechanism of action, human trial data, GH pulse pharmacology, comparison to ipamorelin and hexarelin, and protocol considerations.

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Acarbose and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows
Longevity
9 min readMay 18, 2026

Acarbose and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows

Acarbose extended male mouse lifespan by 22% in the NIA ITP — one of the largest effects ever recorded. Here's what the research shows, and where the human evidence stands.

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Quercetin: The Senolytic Flavonoid Research Guide
Longevity
9 min readMay 17, 2026

Quercetin: The Senolytic Flavonoid Research Guide

A research-first review of quercetin's senolytic, anti-inflammatory, and cardiovascular effects — covering mechanism, human trial data, bioavailability limitations, and comparison to fisetin and dasatinib.

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Metformin and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows
Longevity
9 min readMay 16, 2026

Metformin and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows

Metformin activates AMPK, inhibits mTOR, and is the subject of the landmark TAME trial. Here is what the current evidence actually shows — and what remains unproven.

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Creatine: The Most Researched Performance Compound and Its Emerging Longevity Research
performance
9 min readMay 15, 2026

Creatine: The Most Researched Performance Compound and Its Emerging Longevity Research

A research-first guide to creatine monohydrate — covering the mechanism of action, extensive athletic performance evidence, emerging cognitive and longevity research, and where the science currently stands.

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PT-141 (Bremelanotide): The Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 14, 2026

PT-141 (Bremelanotide): The Melanocortin Receptor Agonist Research Guide

PT-141 (bremelanotide) acts on melanocortin receptors in the brain — not peripheral vasculature — making it mechanistically distinct from PDE5 inhibitors. Here is what the research actually shows.

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Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus): The NGF-Stimulating Mushroom Research Guide
cognitive
9 min readMay 13, 2026

Lion's Mane (Hericium erinaceus): The NGF-Stimulating Mushroom Research Guide

A research-first review of Lion's Mane mushroom — how hericenones and erinacines stimulate Nerve Growth Factor, what human RCTs actually show on cognitive function, and what the evidence limitations are.

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Citicoline (CDP-Choline): The Cognitive Phospholipid Precursor Research Guide
cognitive
9 min readMay 11, 2026

Citicoline (CDP-Choline): The Cognitive Phospholipid Precursor Research Guide

A research-first review of citicoline (CDP-choline) — its mechanisms, clinical trial evidence in stroke, cognitive aging, and attention, and how it compares to alpha-GPC and other cholinergic supplements.

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Kisspeptin: The GnRH Pulse Regulator Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 10, 2026

Kisspeptin: The GnRH Pulse Regulator Research Guide

Kisspeptin is the master upstream regulator of GnRH pulsatility, with human RCT data in IVF and controlled studies linking it to LH stimulation and sexual behaviour. Here is what the research actually shows.

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Phosphatidylserine: The Neuronal Membrane Phospholipid Research Guide
cognitive
9 min readMay 9, 2026

Phosphatidylserine: The Neuronal Membrane Phospholipid Research Guide

A research-first review of phosphatidylserine (PS) — its mechanisms in neuronal membranes, human trial evidence for cognitive function and cortisol modulation, and how it compares to alpha-GPC and citicoline.

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Alpha-GPC: The Cholinergic Nootropic Research Guide
cognitive
8 min readMay 8, 2026

Alpha-GPC: The Cholinergic Nootropic Research Guide

Alpha-GPC is the most bioavailable oral choline precursor for the brain. Here is what the clinical trials actually show on cognition, GH release, and athletic performance.

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MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 7, 2026

MOTS-c: The Mitochondrial Peptide Research Guide

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA that activates AMPK, improves insulin sensitivity in aged animal models, and rises with exercise. Here is what the research actually shows.

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Rapamycin and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows
Longevity
9 min readMay 5, 2026

Rapamycin and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows

Rapamycin is the most-studied pharmacological longevity compound in mammals, with consistent lifespan extension data from the NIA Interventions Testing Program. Here's what the evidence actually shows — and what remains unknown in humans.

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Taurine and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows
Longevity
9 min readMay 4, 2026

Taurine and Longevity: What the Research Actually Shows

Taurine levels drop ~3-fold with age across species. A landmark 2023 Science study found supplementation extended mouse lifespan by ~10% and improved aging biomarkers — here's what the full evidence base actually shows.

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Selank: The Anxiolytic Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 3, 2026

Selank: The Anxiolytic Peptide Research Guide

A research-first review of Selank, the tuftsin-derived synthetic peptide studied for anxiolytic effects without sedation — covering mechanism, human trial data, and key limitations.

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Semax: The ACTH-Derived Nootropic Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readMay 2, 2026

Semax: The ACTH-Derived Nootropic Peptide Research Guide

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from ACTH(4–10) with documented BDNF and NGF upregulation. This guide reviews the clinical and preclinical evidence behind its cognitive and neuroprotective effects.

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Fisetin: The Senolytic Flavonoid Research Guide
Longevity
9 min readMay 1, 2026

Fisetin: The Senolytic Flavonoid Research Guide

Fisetin is the most potent natural senolytic compound identified in systematic screening — here is what the preclinical models and early human trials actually show.

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Spermidine: The Autophagy-Inducing Polyamine Research Guide
Longevity
9 min readApr 30, 2026

Spermidine: The Autophagy-Inducing Polyamine Research Guide

A research-first review of spermidine — the endogenous polyamine that induces autophagy via EP300 inhibition — covering human trial data on cognition, cardiovascular mortality, and longevity biomarkers.

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Thymosin Alpha-1: The Immunomodulatory Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readApr 30, 2026

Thymosin Alpha-1: The Immunomodulatory Peptide Research Guide

A research-first guide to Thymosin Alpha-1 (Tα1): mechanism of action, human clinical trial evidence across hepatitis, sepsis, and cancer, and its speculative role in immune aging.

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Urolithin A: The Mitophagy-Activating Metabolite Research Guide
Longevity
9 min readApr 30, 2026

Urolithin A: The Mitophagy-Activating Metabolite Research Guide

Urolithin A is a gut-derived metabolite with direct human trial evidence for mitophagy activation in skeletal muscle — making it one of the most mechanistically validated longevity supplements available.

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Epithalon: The Telomerase-Activating Peptide Research Guide
Peptides
9 min readApr 28, 2026

Epithalon: The Telomerase-Activating Peptide Research Guide

A research-first guide to Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), the pineal-derived tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activation and geroprotective effects in animal and cell models.

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Hexarelin: The High-Potency GHRP Research Guide
Peptides
11 min readApr 27, 2026

Hexarelin: The High-Potency GHRP Research Guide

A comprehensive evidence-graded guide to hexarelin — one of the most potent GHRPs studied, covering GH-releasing mechanisms, CD36 cardioprotective research, desensitization, and comparison to ipamorelin and other GHRPs.

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Cold Exposure & Sauna: What the Research Shows on Each, and Together
Guide
14 min readApr 27, 2026

Cold Exposure & Sauna: What the Research Shows on Each, and Together

Cold plunges and saunas have gone from athletic recovery to longevity protocol. Here's what the trial data actually supports — and what it doesn't.

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Methylene Blue: The Resurgent Research Compound
Supplements
13 min readApr 27, 2026

Methylene Blue: The Resurgent Research Compound

A 150-year-old dye that's been used as antimalarial, antidote, and surgical stain — now a research compound for cognition and mitochondria. Here's what the literature actually shows.

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L-Theanine: The Calm-Without-Sedation Research Guide
Supplements
11 min readApr 27, 2026

L-Theanine: The Calm-Without-Sedation Research Guide

L-theanine produces calm without sedation — a rare combination with reproducible EEG and behavioral evidence. Here's what the research actually supports.

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Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Non-Diabetics: What the Research Actually Shows
Guide
13 min readApr 27, 2026

Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Non-Diabetics: What the Research Actually Shows

CGM has migrated from diabetes management to wellness. The research justifies real but bounded uses — and disqualifies a lot of the marketing.

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CJC-1295 vs Sermorelin: Which GHRH Analog Fits Which Research Protocol
Comparison
11 min readApr 27, 2026

CJC-1295 vs Sermorelin: Which GHRH Analog Fits Which Research Protocol

Both stimulate the body's own GH release. They do it very differently. Here's the head-to-head.

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Rhodiola Rosea: The Cold-Climate Adaptogen Research Guide
Supplements
12 min readApr 27, 2026

Rhodiola Rosea: The Cold-Climate Adaptogen Research Guide

Rhodiola has the most consistent human trial data of any adaptogen for mental fatigue and stress-related cognitive decline. Here's what the research actually shows.

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Sermorelin: The Original GHRH Analog Research Guide
Peptides
12 min readApr 27, 2026

Sermorelin: The Original GHRH Analog Research Guide

Sermorelin is the oldest synthetic GHRH analog with substantial human trial data. Here's what the published research actually shows.

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Sermorelin: The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
11 min readApr 21, 2026

Sermorelin: The Complete Research Guide

Sermorelin is the only GHRH peptide with an FDA approval history. Here's what the human trials actually showed — and where the evidence runs out.

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Red Light Therapy: Complete Research and Protocol Guide
Guide
13 min readApr 17, 2026

Red Light Therapy: Complete Research and Protocol Guide

Red light therapy has moved from fringe to mainstream in the last decade. Here's what the research actually supports — wavelengths, doses, protocols, and honest limitations.

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The Longevity Stack: NAD+ Precursors, Sirtuin Activators, and What the Human Data Actually Shows
Longevity
14 min readApr 17, 2026

The Longevity Stack: NAD+ Precursors, Sirtuin Activators, and What the Human Data Actually Shows

Every longevity influencer has "the stack." Here's what the peer-reviewed human trials actually show for NAD+ precursors, sirtuin activators, and the other longevity-coded compounds.

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ApoB vs LDL: Which Lipid Marker Actually Matters
Lab Tests
12 min readApr 17, 2026

ApoB vs LDL: Which Lipid Marker Actually Matters

Standard lipid panels report LDL-C. Modern cardiovascular research suggests ApoB may be a more informative marker. Here's what the evidence shows.

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Magnesium Glycinate vs Threonate vs Citrate: Which Form, for Which Outcome
Comparison
10 min readApr 17, 2026

Magnesium Glycinate vs Threonate vs Citrate: Which Form, for Which Outcome

Not all magnesium forms are interchangeable. Here's what the research actually shows about which form maps to which research outcome.

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Berberine: What the Human Trials Actually Show
Supplements
11 min readApr 17, 2026

Berberine: What the Human Trials Actually Show

Berberine has been called "nature's Ozempic" on social media. The human trial data is more modest and more interesting than that headline suggests.

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Tesamorelin: The Clinical Research Summary
Peptides
11 min readApr 17, 2026

Tesamorelin: The Clinical Research Summary

Tesamorelin is one of the few peptides with FDA approval and substantial Phase III trial data. Here's what the clinical research actually shows.

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GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide): The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
12 min readApr 17, 2026

GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide): The Complete Research Guide

GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide with the most substantial cosmetic research literature of any peptide. Here's what the published studies actually show.

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TB-500: The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
12 min readApr 17, 2026

TB-500: The Complete Research Guide

TB-500 is a synthetic fragment of thymosin beta-4 studied for tissue repair, angiogenesis, and cellular migration. Here's what the peer-reviewed literature actually shows.

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CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin: The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
12 min readApr 16, 2026

CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin: The Complete Research Guide

Complete research guide to the CJC-1295 + Ipamorelin peptide blend. Mechanism of synergy, molecular properties, animal model data, research limitations, and how it fits into body composition and hormone optimization research protocols.

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Ashwagandha Research Guide: What the Human Trials Actually Show
Supplements
13 min readApr 16, 2026

Ashwagandha Research Guide: What the Human Trials Actually Show

Comprehensive research guide to ashwagandha (KSM-66). Human clinical trial data on cortisol, sleep, testosterone, strength. Mechanism, dosing research ranges, and honest limitations.

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Complete Sleep Optimization Protocol: Research-Backed Interventions
Guide
14 min readApr 16, 2026

Complete Sleep Optimization Protocol: Research-Backed Interventions

A research-graded sleep optimization protocol — from sleep hygiene and supplements to wearables, temperature-controlled surfaces, and research peptides like DSIP. Tiered approach from free to advanced.

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Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: Complete Research Comparison
Comparison
11 min readApr 16, 2026

Semaglutide vs Tirzepatide: Complete Research Comparison

Semaglutide vs tirzepatide — complete research comparison. STEP, SURMOUNT, and SURMOUNT-5 head-to-head trial data, mechanism differences, cardiovascular outcomes, and honest assessment of which the evidence supports.

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BPC-157 vs TB-500: Head-to-Head Research Comparison
Comparison
10 min readApr 16, 2026

BPC-157 vs TB-500: Head-to-Head Research Comparison

Head-to-head comparison of BPC-157 and TB-500 — mechanism differences, research evidence by application, and an honest assessment of the combination approach.

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NMN vs NAD+: What the Research Actually Shows
Comparison
11 min readApr 16, 2026

NMN vs NAD+: What the Research Actually Shows

NMN vs NAD+ — what the human clinical data actually shows. Molecular differences, bioavailability debate, human trial results, pricing, and an honest assessment of the longevity evidence.

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Essential Lab Tests Every Man Over 40 Should Know About
Lab Tests
14 min readApr 16, 2026

Essential Lab Tests Every Man Over 40 Should Know About

The complete lab testing guide for men over 40. Which biomarkers to test, optimal ranges from longevity research (not just standard reference ranges), and how often to retest.

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BPC-157: The Complete Research Guide
Peptides
12 min readApr 16, 2026

BPC-157: The Complete Research Guide

A comprehensive evidence-graded guide to BPC-157 — what the animal research shows about tissue repair, gut health, and recovery. Molecular properties, mechanism of action, and honest assessment of research limitations.

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